A cover letter is often the most important piece of your
application for a job. While your resume may demonstrate that you
have the necessary qualifications for a job, your cover letter
argues that you are the perfect person to hire. This is where you
explain how your education and experience fit the employer's
needs. This is also where you talk about your background, your
ambitions, and other issues that aren't suitable for the short,
factual format of a resume.
Effective cover letters are targeted. When you send a mass
mailing, the amount of time that you have spent on it is apparent
to the employer. If you don’t invest any time in the application,
an employer will conclude that you have little interest in the
position. Give the employer a reason to consider you by
demonstrating your knowledge of the position and how your specific
skills and experience are a perfect fit.Your cover letter
should be in formal letter style. You may copy the heading that is
on your resume to provide a unified look for your materials, or
you may use a standard letter heading. In either case, your name,
address, email and phone number should come first. Make sure to
remove the hyperlink from your email address so that it will not
appear grey or faded when printed. Next include the date, followed
by the employer’s name and address.
Always address the letter to a specific person if possible. You
may need to do some research online, among your classmates, or at
CPD to find a specific person to approach with your letter.
Include the person’s title in the address block. As an absolute
last resort, if you can not find a contact person to address by
name, list “Hiring Coordinator” in the address block and address
the letter “Dear Sir or Madam” or “To Whom it May Concern.”
Substance of your Cover Letter
Cover letters do three things:
- Introduce you and say why you're writing. Employers get a
lot of mail and may be receiving dozens or hundreds of
applications for each position; they need to know immediately
why they should read the document they're holding. If you have a
personal connection to the employer through contacts or
networking, mention it in the first line. If you are applying to
an employer outside the Seattle area, you may also want to
explain why in the initial paragraph. (One short paragraph --
one to three sentences is sufficient.)
Ex. 1: “I appreciated the opportunity to speak with you
last April at the Small Firm Job Fair at Seattle University
School of Law. Our conversation about the hospitality law
practice at your firm inspired me to apply for a summer
internship at Ham, Eggs & Hashbrowns, LLP.”
Ex. 2: “I am writing to you at the suggestion of Howard
Black, a senior partner at your client, Black & Blue Medical
Consulting. I worked for Mr. Black as an intern last summer
before leaving to attend law school at Seattle University. In
a recent conversation about my career plans, he suggested that
my experience at his firm and my interest in personal injury
law might make me a good fit for a position with your firm.”
Ex. 3: “I am a second year law student at Seattle
University School of Law. I am seeking a summer internship
with Fish & Cutbait due to my strong interest in admiralty and
maritime law.”
Ex. 4: “Please accept my application for a summer
internship in the legal department of Humanity for Unilateral
Grabbing of Strangers (HUGS). I have long been a volunteer at
HUGS’ annual hug-a-thon and am excited about the opportunity
to use my legal education to contribute to the organization in
a new way.”
Ex. 5: “As an adoptive parent, a former kindergarten
teacher and a current law student completing a concentration
in Family Law at Seattle University, I have dedicated my
professional career to children and families. I am applying
for the fellowship offered by Babies Really Add to Society
(BRATS) due to my keen interest in child custody issues.”
Ex. 6: “Please accept my application for an entry-level
aviation law associate position with your firm. I am a third
year law student at Seattle University with a background in
Air Force service and a strong desire to return home to
Virginia to live after graduation.”
- Explain how your education and experience fit this
employer's needs -- in other words, what you can do for them.
This is where you can include relevant information that isn't
appropriate to include on your resume, such as experience
working with certain types or groups of people, a particular
expertise, personal interests, etc. This is also where you
explain why you want to do this type of work and why you want to
do it for this employer. This is the heart of
your letter and should include your main “pitch” about why you
are the perfect candidate. (Two to three longer paragraphs.)
One topic you should cover in this section is your skills and
experience. Do not simply recite the material on your resume.
This is your opportunity to bring that material to life with
added detail or explanation.
Ex. 1: “After graduation from college, I worked for five
years as a paralegal at Honky, Tonkin & Slim LLP in their
copyright and trademark practice. I had the opportunity to
work in all aspects of protecting artistic compositions, from
strategic planning and infringement prevention to
post-infringement litigation. When I composed my first
original country single last year, Your Rule Against
Perpetuities (It’s Makin’ Me Cry), I worked individually
with Mr. Honky to copyright the single and document the story
of how I composed it. Although I was concerned that the wild
popularity of the song and the commonly-known subject matter
would attract frivolous lawsuits claiming credit for the
composition, my years of experience in the industry provided
me with the necessary tools to defend my own interests.”
Ex. 2: “I have worked in federal law enforcement for nearly
thirteen years. My work on complex criminal investigations in
both the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland
Security has involved bringing together significant
documentary and testimonial evidence to assist government
attorneys in building a strong case. The skill set I have
developed could be put to immediate use at Large, Fullservice
and Respected LLP, whether it be in specific areas such as
complex business litigation or criminal defense in federal
investigations, or more generally in any one of LFR’s
litigation practice areas.”
Ex. 3: “My years of experience producing quality written
work, both as a student and as a professional, have prepared
me well for a position with your real estate transactions
group. My undergraduate degree in literature and my senior
thesis, An Ode to the Comma: Pause Briefly to Consider It,
were my first introductions to scholarly research and writing.
I learned to compose a detailed analysis and achieved top
grades through hard work and constant practice of my writing
skills as an editor of our college paper. After college, I
spent five years working on Madison Avenue at
BuyThisUselessThing.com. While working in the frenetic world
of drafting advertising copy, I learned to take my analytical
skills and use them to produce efficient and highly persuasive
copy. Finally, by studying legal writing in the top-rated
program at Seattle University, I have further honed my writing
skills in the specialized area of real estate contracts. I
believe that the enclosed writing sample will demonstrate my
commitment to thoughtful, concise, and air-tight contract
drafting.”
Another important topic to cover is the specific work that
the employer does and your reasons for being interested in that
work.
Ex. 1: “I am interested in pursuing a career in municipal
transportation law at Speeding & Ticket LLP. I recently
completed the first draft of my law review note on eminent
domain issues related to large metropolitan public
transportation projects using Seattle as a case study. Your
firm’s successful 1996 suit against the city on behalf of
undercompensated landowners provided the basis for much of my
research.”
Ex. 2: “After winning the National Tonya Harding Criminal
Law for Athletes Moot Court Competition last March, I realized
that I had both passion and talent for defending athletes who
unexpectedly find themselves in legal trouble. I have followed
your firm’s long-term representation of Pete Rose with great
interest and look forward to providing the same consistent and
creative representation for my own misunderstood clients.
You may choose to include some personal information that
demonstrates your commitment to the practice area, the employer,
the geographic location, or some other aspect of the job.
Ex. 1: “As a first generation Luxembourg-American, I have
long held an interest in immigration law. My parents moved to
Seattle from Luxembourg before I was born to pursue their
fortune in llama farming. Growing up on the farm, my sisters
and I often rebelled against our lessons in Luxembourgish
language and native folk dance. I now understand that my
parents were struggling to maintain their native culture and
traditions. They often felt torn between the two countries and
struggled with their decision to become American citizens when
I was in high school. This personal experience as the child of
naturalized citizens gives me a unique perspective on the
challenges faced by recent immigrants. I believe that I could
be an invaluable counselor in helping clients to navigate the
complex maze of forms, regulations, and hearings involved in
becoming a citizen, while also wrestling with the conflicting
emotions involved.”
Ex. 2: “Although I left Vermont to attend law school at
Seattle University, it has always been my intention to return
to Burlington to practice after graduation. I have fond
memories of my childhood in Montpelier and can’t wait to
introduce my wife to maple sugaring season, skiing at Stowe,
and Burlington’s annual hot air balloon festival.”
- Close by thanking the employer for her/his consideration and
saying what you're going to do next. (One short paragraph.)
Ex. 1: “Thank you for your time and consideration. I would
welcome the opportunity to talk with you when you visit our
campus next month.”
Ex. 2: “I have included a writing sample and transcript for
your review. I will be in the Chicago area for the winter
holidays to visit my family and would appreciate the
opportunity to discuss my qualifications with you. I will
contact you next week to see if we might arrange a time to
meet in late December or early January.”
Ex. 3: “I appreciate your consideration of the enclosed
resume and would welcome the opportunity to learn more about
your firm. I look forward to hearing from you.”
There may be certain situations where you choose to compose
cover letters that are more creative than the norm. If you have an
unusual background, if you are applying for an unusual job, or if
you just have an inclination that a unique letter might be useful,
it is OK to vary from the format laid out here. We have certainly
had students in the past that have benefited from a
non-traditional approach and we would be glad to work with you on
drafting such a letter.
In all cases, cover letters, like resumes, must be flawless.
You have unlimited time to prepare job application materials, and
if your work isn't flawless under those circumstances, an employer
will have questions about the quality of work you'll produce on
their behalf under time constraints. Make sure to have at
least one other person read through your cover letter before
sending it out. Anyone at CPD would be happy to review
cover letters for you. You can also turn to family and friends for
a fresh set of eyes. After reading through your own letter several
times, a typo or grammar mistake can easily slip by you. Any small
mistake can be a killer in a competitive job market – make sure
not to include any. |